Uso de curativo a vácuo como terapia adjuvante na cicatrização de sítio cirúrgico infectado / Using vacuum therapy as an adjunctive treatment for healing of infected surgical sites

Resumo Infecções de sítios cirúrgicos com envolvimento de próteses sintéticas constituem grande desafio para tratamento. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente com múltiplas comorbidades, histórico de enxerto aortobifemoral há 6 anos e reabordagem das anastomoses femorais por reestenoses há 5 anos. Apresentou dor inguinal esquerda e abaulamento súbitos com diagnóstico de pseudoaneurisma femoral roto e instabilidade hemodinâmica. Foi submetida a correção emergencial com interposição de prótese de dácron recoberta por prata e correção de grande hérnia incisional abdominal com tela sintética ao mesmo tempo. No pós-operatório, manteve-se por longo período sob terapia intensiva com dificuldade de extubação. Nesse ínterim, apresentou deiscência das suturas e fístula purulenta inguinal esquerda em contato com a prótese vascular. Optou-se pelo tratamento conservador, com desbridamento das feridas e aplicação de curativo a vácuo. A paciente evoluiu com melhora e cicatrização das feridas. Essa pode se constituir em ferramenta importante em casos similares.

Abstract Infections at the sites of surgery involving synthetic prostheses are challenging to treat. We present a case of a patient with multiple comorbidities who had undergone an aortobifemoral bypass 6 years previously and then re-intervention at the femoral anastomoses for restenosis 5 years previously. The patient presented with acute left inguinal pain and swelling and was diagnosed with a ruptured femoral pseudoaneurysm and hemodynamic instability. A repair was conducted by interposition of a silver-coated Dacron graft in the emergency room, and a large abdominal incisional hernia was repaired with synthetic mesh during the same intervention. After surgery, the patient remained intubated in intensive care for a long period. Meanwhile, she presented dehiscence of sutures and a left inguinal purulent fistula that was in contact with the vascular prosthesis. Conservative treatment was chosen, with debridement of wounds and vacuum therapy. The patient improved and the wounds healed. This could be an important tool in similar cases.

The making of indigenous vascular prosthesis.

Background & objectives: Vascular illnesses are on the rise in India, due to increase in lifestyle diseases and demographic transition, requiring intervention to save life, organ or limbs using vascular prosthesis. The aim of this study was to develop indigenous large diameter vascular graft for treatment of patients with vascular pathologies. Methods: The South India Textile Research Association, at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, developed seamless woven polyester (Polyethylene terephthalate) graft at its research wing. Further characterization and testing followed by clinical trials were conducted at Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Fifteen in vivo experiments were carried out in 1992-1994 in pigs as animal model. Controlled (phase I) clinical trial in ten patients was performed along with control graft. Thereafter, phase II trial involved 22 patients who underwent multi-centre clinical trial in four centres across India. Results: Laboratory testing showed that polyester graft was non-toxic, non-leeching and non-haemolytic with preserved long-term quality, further confirming in pigs by implanting in thoracic aorta, comparable to control Dacron grafts. Perigraft incorporation and smooth neointima formation which are prime features of excellent healing characteristics, were noted at explantation at planned intervals. Subsequently in the phase I and II clinical trials, all patients had excellent recovery without mortality or device-related adverse events. Patients receiving the test graft were followed up for 10 and 5 years, respectively. Serial clinical, duplex scans and CT angiograms performed periodically confirmed excellent graft performance. Interpretation & conclusions: Indigenously developed Chitra vascular graft was comparable to commercially available Dacron graft, ready for clinical use at affordable cost to patients as against costly imported grafts.

Paracoccidioidomicosis: presentación inusual / Paracoccidioidomicosis: presentación inusual

Se presenta un paciente masculino, de 63 años de edad, con antecedentes de enfermedad de Leriche y colocación de prótesis vascular. Es internado en terapia intensiva por infarto intestinal e isquemia aguda de miembro inferior derecho por lo cual es intervenido quirúrgicamente. Mediante el hallazgo de Paracoccidioides sp en prótesis vascular y otros órganos internos, asociados a lesiones cutáneas y compromiso pulmonar, se realiza el diagnóstico de paracoccidioidomicosis crónica multifocal. Destacamos el compromiso de la prótesis como parte de la diseminación fúngica (AU)

A 63-year-old male patient with a history of Leriche disease and vascular prosthesis placement is reported. He is admitted to intensive care unit with intestinal infarct and acute ischemia of his right lower limb for which he underwent surgery. Paracoccidioides sp findings in vascular prostheses and other internal organs, associated with skin lesions and pulmonary involvement, allowed the diagnosis of chronic multifocal paracoccidioidomycosis. We emphasize the commitment of the prosthesis as part of fungal dissemination on this case (AU)

Effects of testing conditions on radial compliance of textile vascular prostheses / 医用生物力学

Objective To explore influences of pre-tension and testing site on the radial compliance of vascular prostheses. Methods Three different textile vascular prosthesis samples (PET woven, PET/PPT woven and PET corrugate warp knitted) with the diameter of 8 mm were selected. Under various pre-tensions and testing sites, the pulsatile pressure and its corresponding radial diameter of these samples were measured by dynamic compliance testing instrument. The radial compliance was calculated according to the compliance formula in ISO 7198-1998. Results The radial compliance of all the three vascular prostheses increased along with the pre-tension increasing. When the pre-tension was 500~550 mN, all the radial compliance reached the maximum (1.03~1.72)%/100 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and then began to decrease with pre-tension increasing. Furthermore, the radial compliance of corrugate vascular prostheses was slightly bigger at valleys than that at peaks, while the radial compliance at peaks was more stable than that at valleys. Conclusions The pre-tension and test site had vital effects on testing the radial compliance of vascular prostheses. Pre-tension of 500~550 mN should be right to apply to all the three kinds of textile vascular prosthesis at test. As for corrugate vascular prostheses, the radial compliance at peaks should be chosen as the test site to get more stable result and reliable data.

Estudo experimental comparativo de remendos arteriais de polidimetilsiloxano com reforço de tecido de poliéster (PDMSr) versus politetrafluoretileno expandido (PTFEe) em aorta de coelhos / Patch of polydimethylsiloxane reinforced with polyester fabric for aortic angioplasty in rabbits

Introdução: Apesar de bons resultados descritos na literatura, o substituto ideal para a utilização como remendo no fechamento arterial ainda não existe. Por este motivo, ainda há espaço para a busca por remendo que seja biocompatível, e que apresente facilidade de manuseio e resultados satisfatórios. Avaliamos remendos arteriais de silicone (polidimetilsiloxano com reforço em poliéster - PDMSr) em comparação com remendos arteriais de PTFEe. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar, em modelo experimental, em coelhos, os resultados de remendos arteriais feitos em PDMSr com remendos de PTFEe. Materiais e Método: A amostra foi definida em 10 animais que completassem todas as etapas da pesquisa em cada grupo. Os animais foram submetidos à laparotomia mediana e abertura longitudinal da aorta de aproximadamente 8mm, realizando-se o seu fechamento com remendo do grupo selecionado, seguido do fechamento por planos. Os animais foram mantidos em biotério até o 60º PO, quando, então, realizou-se arteriografia de controle, e análise macro e microscópica de peça. Resultados: Para se atingir a amostra desejada, foram necessários 12 procedimentos no grupo PDMSr e 16 no grupo PTFEe. Ocorreram 2 óbitos no grupo PDMSr e 6 no grupo PTFEe. Apesar do número maior de óbitos no grupo PTFEe não houve diferença estatística na sobrevida entre os grupos. Um animal do grupo PDMSr apresentou monoparesia em pata posterior direita e um animal do grupo PTFEe apresentou hérnia incisional. Não houve diferença estatística nas complicações entre os grupos. O tempo operatório foi estatisticamente maior no grupo PTFEe quando comparamos todos os animais, fato que não se repetiu quando excluímos os animais que faleceram...

Introduction: Although good results are reported for various materials for use as patches for arterial closure, as yet none of these is ideal. Therefore, research is continuing into development of a patch that is biocompatible and provides ease of handling, while having satisfactory outcomes. A new silicone arterial patch (polydimethylsiloxane reinforced with polyester fabric, PDMSr) was compared with patches made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). Objective: To compare the outcomes between arterial patches made of PDMSr with those made of ePTFE, in an experimental rabbit model. Materials and Method: Rabbits were placed in two groups, and received either PDMSr or ePTFE arterial patches (PDMSr group and ePTFE group, respectively). The animals underwent laparotomy and longitudinal opening of the aorta, which was then closed with the selected patch, followed by suture of all layers. The animals were kept in their cages until the 60th postoperative day, when arteriography, removal of the aorta, and macroscopic and optic and scanning electron microscopic analyzes of the aorta were performed. Ten rabbits from each group that had completed all stages of the research were included in analyses. Results: Twelve procedures were performed in the PDMSr group and 16 in the ePTFE group. There were 2 deaths in the PDMSr group and 6 in the ePTFE group. Despite the higher number of deaths in the ePTFE group, there was no statistical difference in survival rate between the groups. One animal in the PDMSr group developed monoparesis in its right hind paw and 1 animal in the ePTFE group had an incisional hernia. There was no statistical difference in complications between the groups. The operative time was significantly longer in the ePTFE group when all animals were included in analysis, but not when animals that died were excluded...

Evaluation of preoperative computed tomography angiography in association with conventional angiography versus computed tomography angiography only, in the endovascular treatment of aortic diseases / Avaliação da realização pré-operatória da angiotomografia associada a angiografia convencional versus angiotomografia apenas no tratamento endovascular das doenças da aorta

Objective To evaluate the association of conventional angiography (AG) with computed tomography angiography (CTA) as compared with CTA only, preoperatively, in the treatment of aortic diseases. Materials and Methods Retrospective study involving patients submitted to endovascular treatment of aortic diseases, in the period from January 2009 to July 2010, with use of preoperative CTA + conventional AG or CTA only. The patients were divided into two groups, namely: G1 – thoracic aortic diseases; and G2 – abdominal aortic diseases. G1 was subdivided into 1A (preoperative AG + CTA) and 1B (preoperative CTA). G2 was subdivided into 2C (CTA + AG) and 2D (CTA only). Results The authors evaluated 156 patients. In subgroups 1A and 1B, the rate of technical success was, respectively, 100% and 94.7% (p = 1.0); and the rate of therapeutic success was, respectively, 81% and 58% (p = 0.13). A higher number of complications were observed in subgroup 1B (p = 0.057). The accuracy in the calculation of the prosthesis was higher in subgroup 1A (p = 0.065). In their turn, the rate of technical success in subgroups 2C and 2D was, respectively, 92.3% and 98.6% (p = 0.17). The rate of therapeutic success was 73% and 98.6% (p = 0.79). Conclusion Preoperative conventional AG should be reserved for cases where CTA cannot provide all the information in the planning of a therapeutic intervention. .

Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre angiografia (AG) e angiotomografia (ATG) pré-intervenção, comparada apenas à ATG, no tratamento de doenças aórticas. Materiais e Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, envolvendo pacientes submetidos a tratamento endovascular de doenças aórticas, no período de janeiro de 2009 a julho de 2010, com o uso de AG + ATG pré-operatória ou apenas ATG. Os pacientes foram divididos em: G1 – doenças da aorta torácica; G2 – doenças da aorta abdominal. O G1 foi subdividido em 1A (submetidos a AG + ATG pré-operatória) e 1B (ATG pré-operatória). O G2 foi subdividido em 2C (ATG + AG) e 2D (ATG). Resultados Foram analisados 156 pacientes. Nos subgrupos 1A e 1B, o sucesso técnico foi 100% e 94,7% (p = 1,0) e o sucesso terapêutico de 81% e 58%(p = 0,13). Foram observadas mais complicações no subgrupo 1B (p = 0,057). A precisão do cálculo da prótese foi maior no subgrupo 1A (p = 0,065). Por sua vez, nos subgrupos 2C e 2D, o sucesso técnico foi 92,3% e 98,6% (p = 0,17) e o sucesso terapêutico foi 73% e 98,6% (p = 0,79). Conclusão A AG diagnóstica deve ser reservada aos casos em que a ATG não é capaz de fornecer todas as informações necessárias no planejamento de uma intervenção terapêutica. .

Experiencia con prótesis endovascular con múltiples fenestraciones: Descripción de un caso / Experience with a Fenestrated Stent Graft: A Case Report

En los pacientes con un aneurisma de la aorta abdominal yuxtarrenal, el segmento normal de aorta infrarrenal necesario para lograr el anclaje proximal de una endoprótesis es insuficiente o inexistente, por lo que con las endoprótesis tradicionales no existe la posibilidad de sellar o excluir el aneurisma. Por este motivo, en los últimos años se han utilizado endoprótesis con fenestraciones (orificios) para la preservación de los ramos viscerales y renales como alternativa válida y menos invasiva. En esta presentación se describe el primer caso de un aneurisma aórtico yuxtarrenal tratado en nuestro país mediante la colocación de una endoprótesis con múltiples fenestraciones. Se trata de un paciente de alto riesgo quirúrgico por comorbilidades clínicas, al cual con empleo de anestesia regional se le colocó una endoprótesis con fenestraciones para preservar la irrigación del tronco celíaco, la arteria mesentérica superior y ambas arterias renales. El procedimiento fue exitoso, lográndose la exclusión del aneurisma. El primer control posoperatorio demostró la exclusión del aneurisma con permeabilidad adecuada de los ramos viscerales.

In patients with juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm, the segment of the infrarenal aorta that is necessary to achieve an adequate fixation of a stent graft is insufficient or absent. Thus, the use of traditional stent grafts does not provide sealing or exclusion of the aneurysm. For this reason, implantation of fenestrated devices (with orifices) that preserve blood flow to visceral and renal arteries has been used as a valid and less invasive therapeutic option. We describe the first case of a juxtarenal aortic aneurysm treated in our country using a fenestrated stent graft. The patient had high surgical risk due to the presence of comorbidities. Under regional anesthesia, a fenestrated stent graft was implanted to preserve blood flow to the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and both renal arteries. The procedure was successful and the aneurysm was excluded. Aneurysm exclusion with adequate patency of the visceral arteries was demonstrated during the first postoperative control.

Surgery for adult coarctation with the ascending-abdominal aorta bypass procedure / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To explore the surgical effects and follow-up results in treating adult aortic coarctation patients using ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass and summarize the clinical experiences. Methods From May 2008 to July 2009, ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass surgery was performed in nine patients with adult aortic coarctation, among which, four were male, and five were female, with the average age of 42.6 years old. All patients had upper extremity hypertension, the systolic blood pressure difference between their upper extremities and lower extremities was 55 - 100 mm Hg, mean (70.2 ± 15. 6) mm Hg. Among which, seven cases showed descending aorta aneurysmal dilatation at coarctation segment distal end, with the wall thinning; two cases showed long segment stenosis; three cases showed aortic wall near coarctation segment was calcified. All cases belonged to complex aortic coarctation. All patients underwent radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery puncture manometry, the surgical effects were evaluated according to mean pressure difference changes between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery before and after operations. Results All patients were cured and dispertension has been significantly improved, before operation, the mean pressure difference between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery was 36 - 63 mm Hg, mean [(48.2 ± 5.6 ) mm Hg]; 24 hours after operation, the mean pressure difference between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery was 0 - 13 mm Hg, mean [(6.2 ± 1.6) mm Hg], significantly reduced ( P ＜per extremity hypertension disappeared, no need for oral antihypertensive drugs, the mean pressure differences between upper extremities and lower extremities after operations were all less than 20 mm Hg, thoracoabodominal aorta main vessels multi-slice CT examination three months after operation showed that bypass vascular prosthesis was unobetructed, two cases showed that autologous artery at aortic coarctation distal end were partly occluded. Conclusion Ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass would be an effective means for the treatment of adult aortic coarctation patients.

Fatores envolvidos na migração das endopróteses em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento endovascular do aneurisma da aorta abdominal / Factors involved in the migration of endoprosthesis in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair

A migração da endoprótese é complicação do tratamento endovascular definida como deslocamento da ancoragem inicial. Para avaliação da migração, verifica-se a posição da endoprótese em relação a determinada região anatômica. Considerando o aneurisma da aorta abdominal infrarrenal, a área proximal de referência consiste na origem da artéria renal mais baixa e, na região distal, situa-se nas artérias ilíacas internas. Os pacientes deverão ser monitorizados por longos períodos, a fim de serem identificadas migrações, visto que estas ocorrem normalmente após 2 anos de implante. Para evitar migrações, forças mecânicas que propiciam fixação, determinadas por características dos dispositivos e incorporação da endoprótese, devem predominar sobre forças gravitacionais e hemodinâmicas que tendem a arrastar a prótese no sentido caudal. Angulação, extensão e diâmetro do colo, além da medida transversa do saco aneurismático, são importantes aspectos morfológicos do aneurisma relacionados à migração. Com relação à técnica, não se recomenda implante de endopróteses com sobredimensionamento excessivo (> 30 por cento), por provocar dilatação do colo do aneurisma, além de dobras e vazamentos proximais que também contribuem para a migração. Por outro lado, endopróteses com mecanismos adicionais de fixação (ganchos, farpas e fixação suprarrenal) parecem apresentar menos migrações. O processo de incorporação das endopróteses ocorre parcialmente e parece não ser suficiente para impedir migrações tardias. Nesse sentido, estudos experimentais com endopróteses de maior porosidade e uso de substâncias que permitam maior fibroplasia e aderência da prótese à artéria vêm sendo realizados e parecem ser promissores. Esses aspectos serão discutidos nesta revisão.

Migration of the endoprosthesis is defined as the misplacement of its initial fixation. To assess the migration, the position of the endoprosthesis regarding a certain anatomic region is verified. Considering the aneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, the proximal area of reference is the origin of the lowest renal artery and, at the distal region, it is located next to the internal iliac arteries. Patients should be monitored for long periods so that migrations can be identified; these migrations usually occur 2 years after the implantation. To avoid migrations, mechanical forces that enable fixation and that are determined by the characteristics of the devices and by the incorporation of the endoprosthesis should predominate over gravitational and hemodynamic forces, which tend to drag the prosthesis toward to caudal direction. Angulation, extension, and diameter of the neck, and transversal measure of the aneurysmatic sac are important morphological aspects related to migration. In relation to the technique, endoprosthesis implantation with excessive oversizing (> 30 percent) is not recommended because it leads to aortic neck dilatation, folds and proximal leakage that also contribute to migration. On the other hand, endoprosthesis with additional fixation devices (hooks, barbs and suprarenal fixation) seem to be less associated with migration. The process of endoprosthesis incorporation is partial and does not seem to be enough to prevent later migrations. In this sense, experimental studies with endoprosthesis of higher porosity, as well as the use of substances that allow higher fibroplasia and adherence of the prosthesis to the artery, have been conducted and are promising. Such aspects are discussed in the present review of the literature.

Comparison of Sealed Woven Polyester Grafts with Non-sealed Woven Polyester Grafts in Abdominal Aortic Surgery / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory responses in patients who received 1 of 2 different types of woven Dacron grafts. Abdominal aortic surgery was performed in 154 patients between 2002 and 2006, and 102 patients were enrolled in this study. Sealed woven Dacron grafts (INTERGARD^TM woven graft, Group I) were implanted in 77 patients and non-sealed woven Dacron grafts (UBE woven graft, Group N) were implanted in 25 patients. All patients received either a bifurcated graft or straight graft replacement. Body temperature (BT), white blood cell counts (WBC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14, and were compared between the 2 groups. There were no differences in the patient's mean ages, 73±9 and 71±7 years, or operation time, 213±57 and 210±63 min, between Groups I and N, respectively. Postoperative changes in BT and WBC were similar in both groups. CRP levels were higher in Group N than Group I on postoperative days 5 and 7, but these differences were clinically insignificant. Prolonged inflammatory response which lasted longer than 2 weeks occurred in 2 patients in Group I and in 1 patient in Group N. All patients eventually returned to baseline conditions without special treatments. Thus the postoperative inflammatory responses to coated and non-coated woven Dacron grafts were similar in abdominal aortic surgery.

Inner tubing endograft: a new technique for bifurcation preservation / Inner tubing: uma nova técnica para preservação de bifurcações

Treating narrow arteries and their bifurcations is a major challenge to the endovascular surgeon. We describe a new endovascular technique that was used to treat a narrow aorta and that may also be used to preserve other bifurcations. Using three straight stents may enable the endovascular surgeon to treat bifurcation while maintaining flow to both distal arteries.

O tratamento de artérias de pequeno calibre e suas bifurcações é um grande desafio para o cirurgião endovascular. Descrevemos uma nova técnica endovascular que foi usada no tratamento de uma aorta de pequeno calibre e que também pode ser usada para preservar outras bifurcações. O uso de três stents retos pode permitir ao cirurgião endovascular o tratamento de bifurcação mantendo o fluxo em ambas as artérias distais.

Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms in high-surgical-risk patients / Tratamento endovascular de aneurismas da aorta abdominal em pacientes de alto risco cirúrgico

Background: Following the publication of a prospective randomized trial (Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Trial 2 - EVAR2) that questioned the benefits of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in high-surgical-risk patients, we decided to analyze our initial and long-term results with endovascular AAA repair in this patient population. Objective: To evaluate the operative mortality, long-term survival, frequency of secondary operations, outcome of the aneurysm sac, primary and secondary patency rates, and rupture rate after aortic stent-graft placement in high-surgical-risk patients. Methods: From April 2002 to February 2008, 40 high-surgical and anesthetic risk patients with an AAA managed by a bifurcated aortic endograft were entered in a prospective registry. Data concerning diagnosis, operative risk, treatment and follow-up were analyzed in all patients Results: Twenty-four Excluder® and 16 Zenith® stent-grafts were successfully implanted. Thirty patients (75 percent) were classed ASA III and 10 (25 percent) were ASA IV. Mean aneurysm diameter was 64 mm. Operative mortality was 2.5 percent. Two patients required reintervention during the mean follow-up of 28.5 months. Survival rate at 3 years was 95 percent. There were four endoleaks, one case of endotension, and one endograft limb occlusion. Primary and secondary patency rates at 3 years were 97.5 and 100 percent, respectively. There were no ruptures. Conclusions: Initial and long-term results with endovascular treatment of AAA in high-surgical-risk patients were satisfactory, and appear to justify such approach for this patient population.

Contexto: Após a publicação de um estudo prospectivo e randomizado (Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Trial 2 - EVAR2) que questionou o benefício do tratamento endovascular de aneurismas da aorta abdominal (AAA) em pacientes de alto risco cirúrgico, decidimos avaliar nossos resultados iniciais e tardios neste grupo de pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar a mortalidade perioperatória, a sobrevivência tardia, a freqüência das reintervenções, o comportamento dos sacos aneurismáticos, as patências primária e secundária e a incidência de rotura após o tratamento endovascular de AAA em pacientes de alto risco cirúrgico. Métodos: Entre abril de 2002 e fevereiro de 2008, 40 pacientes de alto risco anestésico-cirúrgico portadores de AAA foram submetidos ao implante de endopróteses bifurcadas de aorta e incluídos num registro prospectivo. Os dados a respeito do diagnóstico, risco operatório, tratamento e seguimento foram analisados em todos os pacientes. Resultados: 24 endopróteses Excluder® e 16 Zenith® foram implantadas com sucesso. Trinta pacientes (75 por cento) foram classificados como ASA III e 10 (25 por cento) como ASA IV. O diâmetro médio dos AAA era de 64 mm. A mortalidade perioperatória foi de 2,5 por cento. Dois pacientes necessitaram de reintervenção durante o seguimento médio de 28,5 meses. A taxa de sobrevivência aos 3 anos foi de 95 por cento. Houve quatro endoleaks, um caso de endotensão, e uma oclusão de ramo em uma endoprótese. As patências primária e secundária aos 3 anos foram de 97,5 e 100 por cento, respectivamente. Não houve nenhuma rotura. Conclusões: Nossos resultados iniciais e tardios do tratamento endovascular de AAA em pacientes de alto risco são satisfatórios e parecem justificar a indicação deste tratamento neste grupo de pacientes.

Reubicación de los vasos del cuello y exclusión endovascular de las disecciones y los aneurismas del arco aórtico / Replacement of Neck Vessels and Endovascular Exclusion of Aortic Arch Dissections and Aneurysms

El tratamiento endovascular de la aorta descendente le brinda a un grupo de pacientes seleccionados de alto riesgo una alternativa para resolver un problema grave de manera segura y efectiva. Sólo el 15% de los enfermos tiene un cuello adecuado para el implante respetando la integridad de la arteria subclavia izquierda y su oclusión intencional origina en hasta un 30% isquemia del brazo, síndrome vertebrobasilar o leaks. Además, los pacientes que presentan compromiso del arco aórtico (extensión retrógrada de la disección, porque ésta se origina allí o por aneurisma de ese sector) constituyen una población aún más seleccionada y de mayor riesgo para el tratamiento quirúrgico habitual. Entre noviembre de 2005 y diciembre de 2006 incluimos 10 pacientes que se presentaban con: 1) disecciones con compromiso de la arteria subclavia izquierda o retrodisecciones hacia el cayado aórtico (n = 7) y 2) aneurismas del cayado aórtico (n = 3). Fueron tratados dentro del período agudo (14 días), todos con un puntaje de riesgo anestésico (ASA) igual a 3 o mayor. Se utilizó una técnica híbrida, de un solo acto en dos etapas (quirúrgica/endovascular) realizadas en el mismo día. En la fase quirúrgica no se requirió paro cardíaco, circulación extracorpórea ni hipotermia profunda y durante la etapa endovascular se utilizaron prótesis autoexpandibles y es aquí donde se notaron las dificultades técnicas que debieron sortearse para llevar adelante el implante. Todos los procedimientos resultaron técnicamente exitosos. Dos pacientes fallecieron, uno en el primer día (taponamiento cardíaco) otro por sepsis en el día 27. No se registraron complicaciones neurológicas ni vasculares. La técnica fue factible y efectiva, con una morbimortalidad adecuada para la población en estudio y similar a la de publicaciones con pacientes de las mismas características.

Endovascular treatment of the descendant aorta is a safe and effective alternative to solve a severe condition in a selected group of high-risk patients. In only 15% of patients the anatomical relations of the aneurysm neck with the left subclavian artery are adequate for the implant, and the incidence of arm ischemia, vertebrobasilar artery syndrome or leaks related to the left subclavian artery intentionally occluded reaches 30%. In addition, patients with compromise of the aortic arch (due to dissections or aneurysms of the aortic arch) are still a more selected high-risk population for surgical treatment. Between November 2005 and December 2006 we included 10 patients with: 1) dissections with compromise of the left subclavian artery or dissections towards the aortic arch (n=7) and, 2) aneurisms of the aortic arch (n=3). All patients had ASA class III or greater, and they were all treated during the acute phase (14 days). A two-stage (surgical/endovascular) hybrid technique was performed during the same day. The surgical approach was carried out without the need for circulatory arrest, extracorporeal circulation, and deep hypothermia, but endovascular self-expanding stent-graft placement presented a few technical difficulties. All procedures were technically successful. Two patients died, one at day 1 (cardiac tamponade) and the other at day 27 (sepsis). No neurologic or vascular complications were reported. The procedure was feasible and effective, with morbidity and mortality rates according to the study population and similar to those reported in other studies performed on comparable patients.

Comparison of Patency and Viability in Fresh and Cryopreserved Arterialand Venous Allograft Conduits in Dogs / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: With increasing coronary bypass and peripheral vascular surgeries, the demand for homologous vascular or synthetic conduits has continued to grow, but wide-spread application has been limited by dismal patency rates. Although cryopreserved allograft valves may provide a suitable alternative, current viability or patency of implanted allograft vascular conduits has been unsatisfactory. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We serially analyzed the outcomes of canine femoral artery and saphenous vein allograft implants after storage in either 4degrees C or -170degrees C. RESULT: There were no differences in graft flow rate (patency) (p=0.264), rate of thrombosis (p=0.264), presence of endothelium (p=0.587), or immunohistochemical staining for thrombomodulin (p=0.657) were detected between grafts stored in 4degrees C and -170degrees C. Greater flow occurred in the arterial grafts versus the venous grafts (p=0.030), irrespective of the preservation method, with a significantly lower incidence of thrombosis (p=0.030) in arterial allografts. There was a correlation coefficient of -0.654 between thrombosis and positive immunohistochemical staining for thrombomodulin (p=0.006) and a correlation coefficient of 0.520 (p=0.0049) between the endothelial presence and positive immunohistochemical staining for thrombomodulin. The relationship between the presence of endothelium and thrombomodulin expression failed to show any correlation within the first 2 weeks (p=0.306). However, a strong correlation was seen after 1 month (p=0.0008). CONCLUSION: Tissue storage in either 4degrees C or -170degrees C in 10% DMSO/RPMI-1640 preservation solution preserved grafts equally well. In terms of thrombosis and graft patency, arterial grafts were superior to venous grafts. Considering the poor correlation between thrombomodulin expression and the presence of an endothelium in the implanted graft within the first two weeks, grafts in this period would not be thromboresistant.

Development of Artificial Vessels with Autologous Bone Marrow Cells and Polymers / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: To treat anastomosis site stenosis and occlusion of the artificial vessels used in vascular surgery, tissue-engineered artificial vessels using autologous cells have been constructed. We developed artificial vessels using a polymer scaffold and autologous bone marrow cells and performed an in vivo evaluation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We manufactured a vascular scaffold using biodegradable PLCL (poly lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) and PGA (poly glycolic acid) fibers. Then we seeded autologous bone marrow cells onto the scaffold. After implantation of the artificial vessel into the abdominal aorta, we performed an angiography 3 weeks after surgery. After the dogs were euthanized we retrieved the artificial vessels and performed histological analysis. RESULT: Among the six dogs, 2 dogs died of massive bleeding due to a crack in the vascular scaffold 10 days after the operation. The remaining four dogs lived for 3 weeks after the operation. In these dogs, the angiography revealed no stenosis or occlusion at 3 weeks after the operation. Gross examination revealed small thrombi on the inner surface of the vessels and the histological analysis showed three layers of vessel structure similar to the native vessel. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated regeneration of the endothelial and smooth muscle cell layers. CONCLUSION: A tissue engineered vascular graft was manufactured using a polymer scaffold and autologous bone marrow cells that had a structure similar to that of the native artery. Further research is needed to determine how to accommodate the aortic pressure.

The feasibility of pancreatoduodenectomy with vascular reconstruction to treat pancreatic and duodenal tumor / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Radical surgery remains the main treatment for the patients with pancreatic and duodenal cancer,but resectability rate is low when clinically diagnosed,portal vein/superior mesenteric vein or inferior caval vein invaded by tumors are a few of the main reasons.How to increase resectability of pancreatic cancer and duodenal cancer still is very challenging to the clinician.This study was done to explore the feasibility of the new surgical approach for the treatment of pancreatic and duodenal cancer with portal vein/superior mesenteric vein or inferior caval vein invasion.Methods:5 patients received pancreatoduodenectomy with vascular reconstruction between February 2002 and June 2005.Three patients with pancreatic head cancer underwent pancreatoduodenectomy combined with portal vein/SMV resection and vascular reconstruction and two patients with duodenal cancer underwent pancreatoduodenectomy combined with inferior caval vein resection and vascular reconstruction.Results:There was no surgery related death.The serious complications such as artificial blood vessel infections or obstructions were not experienced.After surgery,one patient died 10 months later,one patient died 24 months later,two patients survived for over 3 years and one patient over 4 years.Conclusions:Pancreatoduodenectomy with vascular reconstruction for patients with carcinoma of the pancreatic head or duodenum invading portal vein/superior mesenteric vein or inferior caval vein has been proved to be a safe treatment,it could improve the resectability of the tumor and prolong survival.

Advances in Vascular Prosthesis in Which Lined with Genetically Modified Endothelial Cells / 中国普外基础与临床杂志

Objective To discuss the endothelial cell which was modified by exogenous anticoagulant genes contribute to the increase of antithrombosis activity of lined vascular prosthesis and the influence to other physiological functions of endothelial cells. Methods This summarized paper was made on literature review of recent years.Results The transfection of genes, including plasminogen activator (t-PA, u-PA, Urokinase), thrombomoduline (TM) and hirudin, etc, to endothelial cells resulted in not only the increase of antithrombosis activity of local vascular, but also the decrease of endothelial cell function in adherence and proliferation.Conclusion The increase of antithrombosis activity of lined vascular prosthesis has been done by exogenous genes. However, this technique ought to be studied, intensively.

Surgical Treatment of Infected Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm / 中国普外基础与临床杂志

Objective To evaluate surgical treatment of infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.Methods The data on surgical treatment of 45 patients with infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm admitted from January 2003 to June 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Fourty-three patients underwent operative treatment including excision of infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm,exhaustive debridement and bypass graft with vascular prosthesis.Two patients were unavoidable to undergo removing of infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm and ligating the proximal and distal artery of pseudoaneurysm because of severe infection and large volume.Results The patients were followed up from 3 to 12 months(mean 7.82 months).The limbs of all the patients underwent bypass graft with vascular prosthesis were salvaged successfully,patients of which had secondary wound healing and had not intermittent lameness.One of two patients performed ligation of artery was salvaged successfully but had severe intermittent lameness,another patient underwent high amputation above knee because of ischemic gangrene.ConclusionFor infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm,the operative treatment including excision of infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm,exhaustive debridement and bypass graft with vascular prosthesis is effective and safe.

Surgical treatment of Budd Chiari syndrome caused by short segmental lesion of inferior vena cava and major hepatic veins / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective [WT5”BZ]To evaluate the results of radical resection for the treatment of Budd Chiari syndrome (BCS) caused by short segmental lesions in inferior vena cava (IVC), and major hepatic veins (MHV).[WT5”HZ]Methods [WT5”BZ]In this series, resection of IVC occlusive segment and orthotopic artificial vascular graft transplantation were performed in 42 patients. Resection of major hepatic vein, hepatic venous plasty and orthotopic transplantation with artificial vascular graft were performed in 10 patients. Resection of major hepatic vein, anastomosis between hepatic vein and right artrium in 3 cases. Percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty in 10 cases.[WT5”HZ]Results [WT5”BZ]One patient died of complication. 58 cases were followed up for an average of 30 months. 3 cases in interventional group suffered recurrence and one in surgical group had recurrence.[WT5”HZ]Conclusions [WT5”BZ]The treatment of BCS by resecting inflicted segment of IVC or hepatic veins and orthotopic artificial vascular graft transplantation effect a radical cure in most cases.